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Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Extract from Fruit Skin Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.)

Introduction

This study aims to determine the total content of the compound Phenolic and antioxidant activity of mangosteen peel extract. Sample Which is used is fresh and dried mangosteen peel, extracted With hot water solvent and methanol for 24 hours. Research methods This is done by determining the total content of phenolic compounds andAntioxidant activity using free radical antidote method DPPH. The total content of the highest phenolic compounds in the methanol extract Dry sample (MK), followed by wet sample methanol extract (MB), extract Dry water samples (AK), and wet sample water extract (AB). Activity Antioxidants as a free antidote to large DPPH free radicals are known With a small IC50 value, the highest antioxidant activity in MKOf 44.49 mg / L, followed by MB, AK, AB respectively 54.95; 346,73;346,74 mg / L

2. Method

2.1 Tools

The tool used is filter paper Whatman, digital scales, micropipets,UV-Vis spectrophotometer Milton Roy 501, rotary Evaporator, vacuum, vortex, water bath, desiccator, andSieve of 65 mesh.

2.2 Material

Materials used as samples Ie fresh and dried mangosteen peel. Ingredients Chemical used is 96% methanol,Heated aquades, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 50% Folin Ciocalteu reagent, Na2CO3 solution2%, aquades.

3 Research Procedures

3.1 Sampling and Sample Preparation

The sample used is fruit peel Mangosteen obtained from kerinci Market, Jambi,. Sample usedIs fresh (wet) and dried. For Wet sample, sample washed and cut into piecesSmall, while for dry samples, samples Dried for 3 days then mashed With a blender then filtered with a mesh of 65 mesh To get the powder.

3.2 Making Extraction

A total of 50 g of sample is macerated by 200ML methanol in Erlenmeyer 500 mL for 24 Hour with several stirring times. Do The same treatment of hot water solvents. After that the solution is filtered by using Vacuum and filter paper to separate the dregs And filtrate, the filtrate is then evaporated for Vaporize the solvent. So obtained extract Solvent of mangosteen peel. Extract then Weighed and stored at 40 ° C. Each The extract is then dissolved in methanol.

3.3. Determination of Total Phenolic Content

The total content of phenolic skin of mangosteen fruit Determined by Jeong et al. In Kiay et Al. (2011). A total of 0.1 mL of methanol and water extract Put in a test tube and then added 0.1 mL 50% Folin Ciocalteu reagent, the mixture Divortex for 3 minutes, plus 2 mL of solution Na2CO3 2%, then the mixture is stored in Dark room for 30 minutes. Absorbance

Read at 750 nm wavelength with UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The result is plotted tehadap

Standard curve of gallic acid prepared with The same way. The total phenol content is expressed as

Mg equivalent of galic acid / g extract.

3.4. Determination of Free Radical Abuse Activity DPPH

Determination of free radical antidote activity DPPH of mangosteen peel is determined by the method Gaulejac et al. In Kiay et al. (2011) are few Modified. A total of 0.5 mL each

Methanol extract and water (dry and wet) Added with 2 mL of DPPH and divortex solution For 2 minutes. Changed the color of the solution from purple To yellow shows the radical antidote efficiency free. Then in the last 5 minutes 30 min incubation, absorbance measured at Wavelength 517 nm by using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Radical deterrent activity Freely calculated as reduced percentage Color DPPH by using the equation;

% Free radical repellent activity = (1-𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑙 + 𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑥 100%)

Of the percent price of free radical repellent Obtained, a curve made between the percent of the antidote Free radical to the concentration of the test solution. From The linear regression equation can be determined Value of IC50, ie the concentration of the inhibition of the test solution Able to ward off 50% free radicals.

4. Results and Discussion

4.1 Mangosteen Skin Extraction

Mangosteen peel extraction is done with Hot water solvent and 96% methanol. Rind

The mangosteen that is macerated for 24 hours is the skin Fresh (wet) mangosteen fruit and mangosteen peel dry. While for dry water solvent sample extract And wet (AK and AB), extracted methanol sample Wet (MB) yields successive rendement Are 12%, 11% and 15.5% respectively. Percent yield Methanol extract is higher because when extracted More extracted compounds Dissolved in methanol solvent compared with water. The addition of solvent to a material must Based on the solubility nature of the solvent Used and the nature of the components to be Dissolved. Phenolic components can be extracted from Plant material by using solvent Such as water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate

4.2. Total Phenolic Content

The total phenolic content analysis was performed for To know the potential of mangosteen fruit skin extract As an antidote to free radicals and stabilizers Based on Figure 2 note that The highest total phenol content is produced by Extract with dry methanol sample solvent (MK) Amounted to 141.837 mg / kg, this can be seen from The color change from yellow to color Blue, with increasingly dark color differences Compared with other extracts. This matter Shows that the phenolic compounds at The skin of the mangosteen fruit is more soluble in methanol solvent. The high content of phenol extracted Due to the influence of the solvent used for Extraction. Solvents such as methanol and ethanol Is a very widely used and solvent Effective for the extraction of phenolic components From natural materials (Shahidi in Katja and Suryanto, 2009). The total phenolic content can be produced from A number of simple molecules ie phenolic compounds, Up to complex molecules such as tannins (tannins Hydrolyzed and condensed tannins) (Robards et al., Singlet oxygen. The human body produces Antioxidant compounds, but the amount is often Not enough to neutralize that free radical Into the body. The chemical components are Acting as an antioxidant is a compound Phenolic and polyphenolic classes. Compounds There are many classes in nature, especially On the plants, and have the ability To capture free radicals (Ramle et al., 2008).

5. Conclusions

Based on the research results can be concluded That the mangosteen peel extract has The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity Which is large, with a total phenolic content and The highest antioxidant activity in the methanol extract Dry sample, followed by wet sample methanol extract, Dry water sample extract and water sample extract wet.

Bibliography

Katja, D. G. dan Suryanto, E. Efek Penstabil Oksigen Singlet Ekstrak Pewarna dari Daun Bayam Terhadap Fotooksidasi Asam Linoleat, Protein, dan Asam askorbat. Chem. Prog. 2009, 2,79-86

Windono, T., Soediman, S., Yudawati, U., Ermawati, E., Srielita, Erowati, T. I. Uji Peredam Radikal Bebas terhadap 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) dari Ekstrak Kulit Buah dan Biji Anggur (Vitis vinifera L.) Probolinggo Biru dan Bali. Artocarpus. 2001, 1, 34-43